Lipocalin-2 and Bone Loss: A Brief Review

Abstract

Background: Recent research has redefined bone as an active endocrine organ with diverse physiological functions beyond structural support. Among the hormones secreted by osteoblasts, lipocalin 2 (LCN2) has gained attention for its dual roles in regulating bone metabolism and systemic energy balance.

Materials: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on experimental and clinical studies that investigate LCN2 secretion by osteoblasts, its impact on bone remodeling, and its systemic effects on appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.

Results: LCN2 acts as a context-dependent regulator of bone metabolism. Evidence indicates that it promotes bone formation under certain conditions while also stimulating bone resorption in others. Beyond the skeleton, LCN2 serves as a potent anorexigenic hormone, linking bone-derived signals to appetite control and systemic energy regulation.

Conclusion: LCN2 represents a key mediator at the intersection of skeletal health and systemic metabolism. Its dual effects on bone remodeling and its ability to regulate appetite highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for managing skeletal diseases and metabolic disorders.